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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

顾护好阳气，让孩子不会“阳”！******

文/羊城晚报记者 陈辉 通讯员 刘灵娟 刘庆钧

　　因免疫系统尚未成熟，儿童是新冠病毒的易感人群。如何为儿童做好预防？广州中医药大学第一附属医院董秀兰副主任中医师建议，除了要给儿童佩戴合适的口罩、注意手部卫生、尽量避免或减少与密集人群的接触外，中医认为，“正气存内，邪不可干”，因此顾护好儿童的阳气对预防新冠也至关重要。

　　【尽量太阳出来后再起床】 秋冬之时，阳气敛藏，应该“早卧晚起，必待日光”，晚上10点前睡觉，早上尽量待太阳出来后再起床，并让小孩睡好“子午觉”。

　　【多晒太阳】 冬天以上午10点左右的太阳最佳，每天可晒1小时左右。传统理论认为，晒太阳可以激发人体阳气，国医大师邓铁涛教授亦推崇多晒太阳，以“采阳补肾”，提高机体免疫力。

　　【动则生阳】 适当的运动，尤其是在阳光下的户外运动，例如骑自行车、滑板、打羽毛球、慢跑等都可以，建议每天有1~2小时的户外运动，户外运动前后注意增减衣物，及时擦汗，以免受凉。

　　【注意保暖】 “形寒饮冷则伤肺”，注意保暖，穿衣以双手温暖，后背不会出汗为度。另外，冬天室内注意穿袜子，足部保暖，避免寒从足生。儿童过食寒凉冰冷食物，既伤肺也伤胃，损伤阳气，容易导致咳嗽、哮喘发作，腹痛、呕吐等，所以儿童在冬季尽量少吃或不吃寒性冰冷食物。

　　【中医沐足】 中药沐足可以温经散寒，健脾除湿，引火归元，不仅可以提升小孩的免疫力，还可以让孩子更好入睡，睡得踏实。艾叶30克，藿香30克，苍术30克，蒲公英20克，煮水滤去药渣，待水温降至45度左右，睡前给孩子泡脚，时间为10~15分钟。

　　【艾灸】 艾灸不仅能对局部肌肤产生温热效应，而且能提高细胞免疫功能，对体液免疫有双向调节作用。对于气虚阳虚患儿，可艾灸足三里穴、大椎穴、肺俞穴、神阙穴、关元穴等，每日10-15分钟，以局部微微潮红为度。(但虚火上扰体质及食积内热体质不建议艾灸。)

　　【推拿】 儿童在做好居家防护时，家长可对其进行推拿，可健脾益肺，扶助正气，增强个人免疫力。主要推拿手法有开天门、推坎宫、揉太阳，揉耳后高骨(各1分钟)，补脾经、推肺经、按揉膻中、大椎、足三里(各2分钟)，捏脊(6遍)。每日一次。

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）